合金元素提高钢淬透性的原因是什么?哪些合金元素可以提高钢的淬透性?

为什么奥氏体晶粒大小对钢热处理后的组织和性能有十分重要的影响?

当价格为(p₁，p₂)=(1，2)时，消费者需求(x₁，x₂)=(1，2)；当价格为(q₁：q₂)=(2，1)时，消费者需求(y₁，y₂)=(2，1)。这种行为与最大化行为模型相一致吗?

When prices are(P₁，P₂) =(1，2) a consumer demands(x₁，x₂) =(1，2) ，and when prices are(q₁， q₂) =(2，1) the consumer demands(y₁，y₂) =(2，1) .Is this behavior. consistent with the model of maximizing behavior?

社会保险金对于价格变动所作的调整，通常使得社会保险金领取人的境况至少与基期时的境况一样好。请问，不论他们具有哪种偏好，哪种价格变动会使他们的境况恰好保持不变?

We saw that the Social Security adjustment for changing prices would typically make recipients at least as well-off as they were at the base year.What kind of price changes would leave them just as well-off，no matter what kind of preferences they had?